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Lubricant Additives - Anti- Hnav & Antioxidant Additives Series:Thawj ZDDP (Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate) yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv- hnav additive nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lubricant kev lag luam - lubbenchmark multi-functional additivexa tawm los tiv thaiv- hnav, antioxidant, thiab corrosion- inhibiting kev ua tau zoo hauv ib qho molecule. Cov koob no suav nrog tag nrho Sinolook ZDDP ntau yam: Thawj ZDDP (n-Bu/n-Oct alkyl, siab tshaj thermal stability) thiab Secondary ZDDP (branched alkyl, sai dua qis-kub tribofilm tsim). Ob qib tsis hloov pauv tau - thawj pawg alkyl muab cov thermal stability zoo dua thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant thaum cov pab pawg thib ob alkyl muab cov yeeb yaj kiab sai dua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. SAPS ceeb toom: ZDDP yog tusthawj contributor rau phosphorus nyob rau hauv tiav lubricant formulations- Zn, P, thiab S yuav tsum suav tag nrho hauv SAPS pob nyiaj siv rau ACEA C-series thiab API SP daim ntawv thov.

Anti-War Additive · Antioxidant · Corrosion Inhibitor · Zn/P/S Multi-Function · HDEO · PCMO · Hydraulic · Iav · Compressor · ⚠ Siab SAPS - xam Zn/P/S hauv cov roj tiav

Thawj ZDDP

Primary Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate / Zn[S–P(S)(OR)₂]₂ · R=n-C₄H₉ / n-C₈H₁₇ / Thiophosyl alkyl zinc ntsev / Zn 7.0–10.5% · S 10.0–14.0% / Triple-Function: Anti- Hnav + Antioxidant + Corrosion Inhibition

CAS Nr	68457-79-4 (kev sib xyaw thawj C4/C8); 4259-15-8 (dibutyl); 4991-47-3 (ib.)
Formula	Zn[S–P(S)(OR)₂]₂ · R=n-C₄H₉ (n-Bu) / n-C₈H₁₇ (n-Oct)
Synonyms	Primary ZDDP · Primary ZDTP · Primary alkyl zinc dithiophosphate · Zinc O,O-di-n-butyl/n-octyl dithiophosphate · Thiophosyl alkyl zinc ntsev · ZDDP P-type
Alkyl Hom	Primary (n-linear) - n-butyl (C₄) / n-octyl (C₈) tov los yog mono-alkyl; C₄/C₈ ratio customisable; Tsis muaj pawg alkyl pawg/secondary hauv qib no

★ Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws	★ Qhov siab tshaj thermal stability hauv ZDDP series Superior antioxidant vs Secondary alkyl Txaus siab rau HDEO, siab-temp, ntev-drain
GHS / Kev Nyab Xeeb	FP Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 180℃- combustibleH315/H317/H319 irritant
SAPS Status	⚠ Zn 7–10% → S/A⚠ P 5.5–8.0% hauv additive⚠ S 10-14% hauv additive

Thawj ZDDP yog dab tsi?

Thawj ZDDP(zinc O, O-dialkyl dithiophosphate nrog thawj pawg alkyl) yog qhov dav tshaj plaws siv los tiv thaiv- hnav additive nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lubricant kev lag luam - arguably ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws additive molecule nyob rau hauv niaj hnub cav roj formulation. Ua ntej kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1940, nws tau muaj sia nyob xya caum xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab tsis yog vim tsis tau tsim, tab sis vim tias tsis muaj ib qho molecule tseem tau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nws cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv- hnav kev ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tus nqi- kev ua tau zoo hauv ib qho qauv. Nyob rau hauv 2024, ZDDP thoob ntiaj teb kev noj yog kwv yees li ntawm 200,000-250,000 metric tonnes ib xyoos twg, tam sim no nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua pa thiab hluavtaws cav roj formulation thoob ntiaj teb.

SinolookThawj ZDDPqib siv asib xyaw n-butyl (C₄) / n-octyl (C₈) thawj alkyl architecture- C₄H₉O– thiab C₈H₁₇O– pawg txuas mus rau phosphorus ntawm oxygen, nrog ob lub sulfur atoms tswj txhua phosphorus (ib P=S thiab ib P–S–Zn bridging), thiab ob yam li dithiophosphate anions chelating lub hauv paus Zn². Cov mis Zn[S–P(S)(OC₄H₉)(OC₈H₁₇)]₂ pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom duab captures no architecture: lub loj daj spheres (S), txiv kab ntxwv Zn chaw, txiv kab ntxwv P atoms, thiab liab O atoms tsim lub active coordination complex; cov dub / grey carbon chains yog thawj alkyl tails muab roj solubility.

📊 Thawj vs Secondary ZDDP - Qhov txawv tseem ceeb

Khoom	Thawj ZDDP ★ (qib no)	Secondary ZDDP
Alkyl pawg	n-Bu / n-Kaum Hli Ntuj (linear primary)	iso-Pr / sec-Bu / sec-Kaum Ob Hlis (txog)
Thermal stability	★ Higher - stable >160 degree	Tsawg - degrades saum 130 degree
Tribofilm tsim tus nqi	Slower - xav tau kev tiv tauj siab dua	★ nrawm dua - nquag ntawm qis qis
Antioxidant kev ua haujlwm	★ Stronger - tsis yog -H ntawm C nyob ze rau O	Nruab nrab - -H oxidation txoj kev
Corrosion inhibition	Zoo (Cu, Pb, bearing hlau)	Zoo (zoo sib xws)
Hydrolytic stability	★ Zoo dua (thawj C-O daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov dua)	Lower (cuam tshuam C-O nquag tshem tawm)
Thawj daim ntawv thov	HDEO, iav, industrial, siab -temp	PCMO, ceev txias - pib tiv thaiv
Nqi	Siab dua me ntsis (ntev dua -chain cawv)	Tsawg me ntsis (isopropanol pheej yig dua)

Kev xaiv tswv yim:Nyob rau hauv feem ntau HDEO (API CK-4/FA{12}}4, ACEA E6/E9) thiab cov khoom siv iav/hydraulic formulations, Primary ZDDP tau teev tseg vim muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj -kub. Hauv ntau lub PCMO formulations (API SP, ILSAC GF-6), ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm Primary + Secondary ZDDP (60/40 lossis 70/30) yog siv los sib npaug qhov kub-kub AO kev ua haujlwm (thawj) nrog ceev txias-pib tribofilm activation (secondary). Sinolook muab ob qib - tiv tauj peb kom qhia meej hom alkyl rau koj cov qauv.

🔬 Peb Ib Simultaneous Functions - Ib Molecule

① Anti-Ntev (Piv txwv muaj nuj nqi)

Nyob rau hauv tribological kev nyuaj siab (200-300℃asperity hu), ZDDP thermally decomposes → cov ntaub ntawvpolyphosphate iav tribofilm(Zn-Fe phosphate, 20-100 nm tuab) ntawm cov lus qhia hlau asperity. Qhov no nyuaj, tus kheej -replenishing iav zaj duab xis ua rau saum npoo irregularities thiab tiv thaiv cov hlau nplaum sib cuag. Kev txo qis WSD vs cov roj tsis muaj roj: 60-80% hauv ASTM D4172 4- pob coj mus kuaj.

② Antioxidant (Chain-Txiav)

ZDDP cuam tshuam peroxy radicals (ROO•) hauv cov roj oxidation saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - ua raws lihydroperoxide decomposer: ZDDP txo ROOH rau ROH (tsis yog -radical) ntawm phosphorothioate txo mechanism. Primary alkyl ZDDP yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo vim hais tias cov n-linear C saw tsis muaj reactive -H nyob ib sab ntawm cov pa, ua rau cov molecule nws tus kheej oxidatively ruaj khov dua qib theem nrab.

③ Corrosion Inhibition

ZDDP adsorbs mus rau non-ferrous bearing hlau nto (Cu, Pb, Sn nyob rau hauv tri-hlau bearings thiab bushes) ntawm nws thiophosphate oxygen / sulfur coordination sites, tsim ib tug tiv thaiv chemisorbed monolayer uas thaiv cov kua qaub. Ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.3–1.2 wt% kho - muab ASTM D130 tooj liab sawb corrosion 1b ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus qauv kho tus nqi.

Primary ZDDP structural formula Zn[S-P(S)(OC4H9)]2 showing central zinc Zn grey atom coordinated by two S-P(S)(OR)2 dithiophosphate ligands with yellow sulfur atoms large spheres, orange phosphorus P atoms, red oxygen atoms and black carbon chain n-butyl n-octyl primary alkyl groups, 3D ball-stick model, oil refinery background, engine oil pouring golden amber and tachometer dashboard representing anti-wear performance in high-performance lubricant formulations

Cov qauv qhia:Zn[S–P(S)(OC₄H₉)]₂ - daim ntawv lo siv C₄H₉ kom meej tab sis qib Sinolook yog ib qho sib xyaw C₄/C₈ thawj alkyl.Xim key:loj daj spheres=S (ob rau phosphorus: ib P=S + ib tug choj P–S–Zn); txiv kab ntxwv=P (ob ib molecule); grey central=Zn²⁺ (chelated los ntawm ob dithiophosphate anions); liab=O (plaub O-C txuas); dub=C (primary n-Bu/n-Oct chains); dawb=H. Tom qab: refinery (kev lag luam mov scale) + golden roj ncuav (amber ZDDP xim) + tachometer (lub cav tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo).

Technical Specification

Zinc Cov ntsiab lus ⚠ SAPS

7.0-10.0 hli

ASTM D4628 / ICP -OES
S/A hauv additive ≈ Zn% × 1.24 =8.7–12.4%; hauv 0.8 wt% kho → S / A 0.070-0.099% hauv cov roj tiav

Phosphorus ⚠ P pob nyiaj siv

5.5-8.0 wt%

ASTM D1091 / ICP -OES
★ Thawj P qhov hauv cov roj cav - ACEA C3 P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08%: ntawm P=7%, max kho=0.08/0.07=1.14 wt%. Qhia qib P% rau cov peev nyiaj nruj.

Sulfur ⚠ SAPS

10.0-14.0 wt%

ASTM D1552 / D2622 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 thiab D2622
S hauv cov roj tiav ntawm 0.8 wt% kho: 0.08–0.11% - zoo nyob rau hauv ACEA E6/E9 S txwv Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.3%; suav nrog tag nrho S pob nyiaj siv

Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 degree

10–25 dr hab

ASTM D 445 3
Tsawg heev - ZDDP yog ib qho me me molecule (MW ~ 630–900); viscosity tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov roj tiav ntawm cov nqi kho mob ib txwm muaj (0.5-1.5 wt%)

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SAPS Cov Nyiaj Txiag - ZDDP Kev Pabcuam rau Cov Roj Ua tiav (P yog qhov tseem ceeb)

ZDDP yogqhov tseem ceeb phosphorusnyob rau hauv zoo tag nrho cov cav roj formulations. Hauv ACEA C2 / C3 thiab API SP formulations (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08% hauv cov roj tiav), ZDDP kho tus nqi yog thawj P pob nyiaj txwv. Ib txwm suav:P hauv cov roj tiav=(ZDDP kho tus nqi wt%) × (P% hauv additive) / 100. Piv txwv li: 1.0 wt% ZDDP ntawm P=7.0% → 0.070% P hauv cov roj tiav ✓ hauv C3. Ntawm P=8.0% → 0.080% - raws nraim ntawm kev txwv tsis muaj lub taub hau.

Specification	P txwv (cov roj tiav)	Max ZDDP kho ntawm P=7.0%	Max ZDDP kho ntawm P=8.0%	S / A hauv cov roj tiav ntawm max kho
ACEA C1	Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05%	0.71 wt%	0.63 wt%	S/A ≈ 0.07 – 0.08% - tseem nyob hauv ACEA C1 S/A Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%. P yog qhov kev txwv kev txwv.
ACEA C2/C3	Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08%	1.14 wt%	1.00 wt%	S/A ≈ 0.10–0.13% - hauv ACEA C3 S/A Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8%. Tswj tau nrog qis -Zn qib variant.
API SP / ILSAC GF-6	Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08%	1.14 wt%	1.00 wt%	Ib yam li ACEA C3; P yog binding txwv.
ACEA E6/E9 (HDEO)	Tsis muaj P txwv	1.5-2.0 wt% cov khoom	1.5-2.0 wt% cov khoom	Tsis muaj P txwv - S/A Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.0% rau E6 (xyuas ZDDP S/A thaum kho); Cov ntawv thov zoo rau Thawj ZDDP.
API CK-4 / Industrial	Tsis muaj P txwv	1.5-2.5 wt% yog '	1.5-2.5 wt% yog '	★ Tsis muaj P txwv - daim ntawv thov nyiam rau Thawj ZDDP ntawm cov nqi kho mob tag nrho.

Nco tseg ntawm Zn thiab S:Hauv ACEA C-series specifications, S/A txwv (ASTM D874) thiab sulfur txwv (ASTM D2622) kuj raug khi. Ntawm ACEA C3 S/A Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8%: ZDDP pab txhawb S/A ≈ (Zn% × kho) ×1.24 - ntawm 1.0 wt% kho thiab Zn=8.5%, S/A=0.105% - feem ntau tswj tau nrog Ca detergent (feem ntau. 4% S/A). Sulfur los ntawm ZDDP ntawm 1.0 wt% kho ≈ 0.10–0.14% - suav nrog hauv ACEA sulfur txwv (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.3% rau C2/C3). Qhia qhov tseeb Zn%, P%, S% qib xav tau thiab Sinolook yuav lees paub SAPS pab rau koj cov qauv.

Parameter	Specification	Txoj Kev Xeem	Nco tseg
Qhov tshwm sim	Lub teeb daj rau amber kua	Pom kev	Xim txawv nrog C₄ / C₈ piv thiab batch tej yam kev mob; ntxaum amber ntawm siab C₈ cov ntsiab lus; kua ntshiab huv ntawm ambient - tsis muaj cua sov xav tau rau kev tuav lossis sib tov
Zinc Cov ntsiab lus ⚠	7.0-10.0 hli	ASTM D 4628 Cov khoom lag luam	S/A contributor (S/A% ≈ Zn% × 1.24); qib- tshwj xeeb Zn% ntawm COA; qhia lub hom phiaj Zn% rau koj cov peev nyiaj SAPS ntawm kev txiav txim
Phosphorus ★ ⚠	5.5-8.0 wt%	ASTM D 1091 Cov Lus Qhia	★ Thawj Pwm kev txwv nyiaj txiag hauv ACEA C-series thiab API SP cov roj tiav - saib SAPS cov lus saum toj no; qhia qib P% ntawm kev txiav txim; paub meej tias cov roj tiav P=(kho%) × (P%) / 100 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau spec txwv
Sulfur ⚠	10.0-14.0 wt%	ASTM D1552 / D2622 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552 / ASTM D1552)	S hauv cov roj tiav ntawm 1.0 wt% kho: 0.10-0.14%; zoo hauv ACEA C2 / C3 S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.3%; suav nrog tag nrho S accounting nrog rau cov roj hauv paus S thiab detergent sulfur
Flash Point (COC)	Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 180 degree	ASTM D 92	Combustible kua; tsis cais DG raws li kev thauj mus los; khaws cia deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub; lees paub qib FP ntawm TDS/COA
Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 degree	10–25 dr hab	ASTM D 445 3	Tsawg heev - ZDDP yog ib qho me me- molecule additive (MW ~ 630–900 nyob ntawm alkyl ratio); negligible viscosity pab rau cov roj tiav; pumpable ntawm ambient yam tsis muaj cua sov
Ceev @ 20 degree	1.10-1.20g / cm³	ASTM D 4052 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb	High ceev vs hydrocarbon additives - vim hnyav Zn, S, P atoms nyob rau hauv molecule; siv rau huab hwm coj-rau- ntim kho tus nqi hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm volumetric blending
Ntim	200L nruas · 1000L IBC · ISO tank	-	Khaws 0-40℃kaw; zam kev ya raws ntev (ZDDP maj mam hydrolyses ntawm kev sib cuag nrog dej → H₃PO₄ / H₂S tiam); Lub neej txee Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 12 lub hlis raws li kev pom zoo; KFT noo noo Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.10% pom zoo

COA rau kev xa khoom:Zn% (ASTM D4628) ·P% (ASTM D1091 - tseem ceeb rau SAPS)· S% (ASTM D1552/D2622) · KV @ 100℃(D445) · Ceev @ 20℃(D4052) · FP (D92) · Cov tsos mob · Dej (KFT Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.10%). Tag nrho TDS thiab SDS muab. C₄/C₈ alkyl piv tau lees paub ntawm qib-TDS tshwj xeeb.

Daim Ntawv Thov & Daim Ntawv Qhia Qhia

1. Heavy-Cov Roj Roj Roj (HDEO)

API CK-4/FA-4 ACEA E6/E9 Tsis muaj P txwv

Thawj ZDDP yog tus qauv tiv thaiv- hnav ntxiv hauv HDEO cov qauv. Nws superior thermal stability (vs theem nrab ZDDP) ua rau nws cov qib nyiam rau hnyav -lub luag hauj lwm diesel daim ntaub ntawv qhov twg engine sump kub tsis tu ncua tshaj 130℃thiab valve tsheb ciav hlau Cheebtsam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub siab heev sib cuag pressures (1-3 GPa Hertz). Ntawm kev kho tus nqi ntawm 1.2–2.0 wt% uas tsis muaj P txwv (ACEA E6/E9, API CK{12}}4), Thawj ZDDP muab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tribofilm thickness thiab kev pab them nqi xav tau rau 100,000+ km EGR diesel cav valve kev tiv thaiv tsheb ciav hlau (ASTM Sequence IVB, Mack T-12). Kev ua haujlwm antioxidant tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv HDEO: kev thauj khoom siab nrawm nrawm roj oxidation (soot catalyses peroxy radical tiam), thiab ZDDP's hydroperoxide decomposer kev ua haujlwm muab thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv nrog amine thiab phenolic AOs.

2. Neeg nrog caij Tsheb Tsav Roj (PCMO)

API SP / ILSAC GF-6 ACEA C3 P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08%

Hauv PCMO formulations (ILSAC GF-6A/B, API SP, ACEA C2/C3), Thawj ZDDP feem ntau yog siv ntawm 0.7–1.0 wt% kho, feem ntau sib xyaw nrog Secondary ZDDP (30–40% ntawm tag nrho ZDDP) los muab ob qho tib si txias- pib tiv thaiv (kev ruaj ntseg) thiab theem pib (seem thib 1). ACEA C3 / API SP phosphorus txwv (P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.08% hauv cov roj tiav) txwv tag nrho ZDDP kho. Sinolook qhov qis-P qib sib txawv (P 5.5–6.0%) ua kom tus nqi kho mob siab tshaj plaws hauv P pob nyiaj siv. Nyob rau hauv GDI / turbocharged xyaw, ZDDP lub valve tsheb ciav hlau los tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo (ASTM Sequence IVA / IVB) thiab cam lobe tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv siab valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav loads yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ua tau raws li OEM coj specifications. Lub luag haujlwm antioxidant suppresses turbocharger bearing deposit tsim (piston txias nozzle coking test, ASTM Sequence IIIH).

3. Cov roj hydraulic & iav roj

ISO 46/68 HM/HV ISO VG 100-680 CLP Daim ntawv pov thawj: DIN 51517 / ISO 6743

Hauv cov roj hydraulic (zinc-hom HM/HV formulations per DIN 51524-2/3), Thawj ZDDP yog ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv- hnav cov khoom ntxiv ntawm 0.3–0.8 wt% kho. Cov zinc- hom hydraulic roj tsim tshwj xeeb yog hais txog ZDDP- muaj cov formulations, txawv lawv ntawm zinc- dawb (ashless) hom. Pump hnav kev ua tau zoo hauv Vickers vane twj ntsuas (ASTM D2882, DIN 51389) yog thawj qhov kev xeem rau ZDDP hauv kev siv hydraulic. Hauv kev lag luam iav roj (ISO CLP, DIN 51517{19}}3), Thawj ZDDP yog siv ntawm 0.5-1.2 wt% kho nrog EP additives (sulphurised olefins) los tiv thaiv iav hniav flanks nyob rau hauv ciam teb heev lubrication - ZDDP tribofilm muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm EP ntxiv loads. Thawj ZDDP's superior thermal stability vs theem nrab yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv high-temperature industrial gearboxes (supp kub 80-120℃nruam).

4. Compressor Roj & Metalworking Fluids

ISO 46/68/100 Compressor Txiav / sib sau

Hauv reciprocating cua compressor roj (ISO VG 46/68/100), Thawj ZDDP ntawm 0.3–0.6 wt% muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv - hnav tiv thaiv rau piston nplhaib / lub tog raj kheej liner tiv tauj thiab valve reed tiv thaiv - nws cov thermal stability yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej lub tog raj kheej 0.2 thiab qhov kub ntawm 2 lub valve. Hauv cov dej ua haujlwm hlau (cov roj txiav zoo zoo), ZDDP pab txhawb EP-pab ciam lubrication ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam txiav, txo cov cuab yeej hnav thiab txhim kho nto tiav ntawm steel workpieces. Kev ua haujlwm corrosion inhibition tiv thaiv lub tshuab cuab yeej steel nto ntawm kev tsim khoom. Rau kev siv hlau ua haujlwm, paub meej tias kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv (qee yam tsis yog -ferrous workpieces react nrog ZDDP sulfur - kuaj ua ntej kev lag luam).

Additive Compatibility & Formulation Notes

Co-Additive / System	Kev sib haum xeeb	Sau ntawv
Ca/Mg Sulfonates, Salicylates, Phenates (Detergents)	● Zoo	Tsis ncaj antagonism; qee qhov kev sib tw adsorption ntawm cov hlau nto ntawm ZDDP thiab cov tshuaj detergent ntau dhau ua tau ntawm cov nqi kho mob siab heev - tuav ZDDP: detergent TBN piv raws li lub hom phiaj tsim; Ca detergent thiab ZDDP yog ob qho tseem ceeb SAPS contributors - sib npaug ob qho tib si hauv P / S / Ash pob nyiaj siv.
Succinimide Dispersants (txhua qib)	● Zoo heev	Tau tshaj; dispersant polar head pawg tsis cuam tshuam nrog ZDDP tribofilm tsim; ZDDP-dispersant-detergent trio ua cov classic anti- hnav / dispersant / detergent additive platform ntawm niaj hnub cav roj; tsis muaj synergy lossis antagonism nyob rau hauv zaj duab xis tsim mechanism.
Amine AO (DPA, PANA) + Phenolic AO	● Synergistic	ZDDP (hydroperoxide decomposer) + amine AO (radical chain breaker) muab cov kev tiv thaiv antioxidant synergistic - sib txawv oxidation cascade interception cov ntsiab lus. Txheem PCMO / HDEO AO pob: ZDDP + hindered phenol + diarylamine. ZDDP ua rau AO kho tus nqi txo thaum tswj tag nrho ROOH tswj.
Friction Modifiers (GMO, MoDTC)	● Tswj piv txwv	MoDTC (molybdenum kev sib txhuam kev hloov kho) thiab ZDDP tuaj yeem sib tw rau cov hlau nto adsorption chaw; ZDDP ntawm cov nqi kho mob siab yuav txo tau MoDTC kev sib txhuam txo cov txiaj ntsig. Hauv roj- cov qauv kev lag luam, ua kom zoo dua ZDDP/MoDTC piv - feem ntau MoDTC ntxiv tom qab ZDDP pob tau tsim. GMO thiab organic FM tsis muaj kev tawm tsam nrog ZDDP.
Dej / Siab -Humidity Storage	⚠ Moisture rhiab heev	ZDDP hydrolyses maj mam ntawm kev sib cuag dej ntev → tsim H₃PO₄, H₂S, thiab zinc hydroxide precipitate; khaws cov ntim ntim; tuav KFT Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10%; tsis txhob condensation nyob rau hauv lub nruas headspace (siv N₂ daim pam cia ntev los yog qhib nruas). Hauv cov roj ua tiav, cov kab dej tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm cov nqi kho mob ib txwm muaj.

Cov lus nug nquag

Q: Vim li cas niaj hnub ACEA/API cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb txwv ZDDP phosphorus yog tias nws yog qhov siab -kev ua tau zoo ntxiv?

Cov kev txwv phosphorus tau qhia nyob rau hauv teb rau ob qhov teeb meem pom nyob rau hauv 1990s-2000s: (1)Catalytic converter lom- inorganic phosphate compounds (ZnO/Zn₃(PO₄)₂ los ntawm ZDDP combustion) tso rau ntawm peb -txoj kev catalyst (TWC) nto, thaiv cov khoom siv hlau muaj txiaj ntsig (Pt, Pd, Rh) thiab mus tas li txo cov catalytic efficiency. Cov kev tshawb fawb EPA tau pom tias phosphorus los ntawm ZDDP combustion yog thawj qhov ua rau TWC deactivation hauv tsheb nrog roj ntau. (2)DPF / GPF clogging- zinc phosphate tshauv los ntawm ZDDP combustion pab txhawb cov hmoov tshauv nyob rau hauv diesel particulate lim. Phosphorus txwv nyob rau hauv ACEA C-series (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08% rau C2/C3) tau teem kom sib npaug txaus los tiv thaiv- hnav tiv thaiv nrog kev siv tau catalytic converter lifespan (feem ntau 10-xyoo / 150,000 km durability lub hom phiaj). Nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj lom catalyst los ntawmcombustedZDDP hauv cov kwj deg - tsis yog los ntawm ZDDP nws tus kheej hauv cov roj nplua nyeem. Kev siv roj ib txwm (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 L / 1000 km) nrog P- txwv kev tsim ua kom phosphorus deposition nyob rau hauv catalyst durability txwv.

Q: Thawj ZDDP puas tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ashless los tiv thaiv- hnav cov khoom ntxiv (xws li TCP, phosphate esters) hauv cov qauv roj cav?

Kev hloov ib nrab tuaj yeem ua tau tab sis kev hloov pauv tag nrho tsis tau ua tiav hauv kev lag luam cav roj formulations li ntawm 2024-2025. Ashless phosphate esters (tricresyl phosphate TCP, triaryl phosphates) thiab phosphonate esters tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv - hnav tribofilm muaj nuj nqi tab sis tsis muaj ZDDP's antioxidant thiab corrosion inhibition functions, yuav tsum tau ntxiv additives los them. ZDDP tribofilm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub qis dua thiab qis dua tus nqi kho dua li qhov sib npaug ashless lwm txoj kev, tuav tus nqi - kev ua tau zoo. Kev tshawb fawb rau ZDDP hloov pauv (tsav los ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj hmoov tshauv rau cov kua hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob thiab P- cov roj cav txwv) yog cov nquag ua haujlwm - cov neeg sib tw muaj xws li ionic kua, organoboron compounds, thiab polymer- txhuam tribological additives. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv cov pa roj cav (txawm tias nruj ACEA C1 / C2 / C3), ZDDP tseem irreplaceable ntawm tus nqi kho mob tsawg tso cai los ntawm P txwv. Rau cov ntawv thov uas P yuav tsum yog xoom (xws li qee thaj chaw hauv hiav txwv, cov roj dawb), cov khoom siv tsis muaj hmoov tshauv yog siv tab sis ntawm cov nqi kho mob ntau dua thiab cov nqi.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ZDDP zinc cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus, thiab cov ntsiab lus sulfur - thiab vim li cas lawv txawv?

Cov kev sib raug zoo theoretical stoichiometric nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab ZDDP yog: Zn:P:S=1:2:4 (molar), sib raug rau Zn:P:S ≈ 1.0:2.0:4.0 los ntawm qhov hnyav piv thaum kho rau MW. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qib ZDDP kev lag luam yog yaj hauv cov roj ntxhia diluent (feem ntau 15-30 wt%), uas dilutes tag nrho peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb proportionally. Qhov sib piv nyob rau hauv lub active molecule yog kwv yees li:Zn% × 2.0 ≈ P%thiabZn% × 1.9 ≈ S%/2- yog li Zn 8.5% yuav tsum sib haum rau P ~ 7.0% thiab S ~ 12.0%. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj no qhia tias: (a) diluent oil content variation; (b) tshaj - lossis qis dua -neutralisation thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas (ntau tshaj P₂S₅ lossis ntau zinc hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv); (c) cov khoom siv hydrolysed ib nrab (P poob li phosphoric acid txo qis P% piv rau Zn%). Thaum kev txiav txim, ib txwm qhia tag nrho peb Zn%, P%, thiab S% lub hom phiaj ntau yam - tsis yog ib qho - rau qhov tseeb tshaj plaws SAPS kev suav nyiaj txiag thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo tiv thaiv theoretical stoichiometry.

Technical & Regulatory References

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Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb
D4628 (Zn%) ·D1091 (P% - SAPS tseem ceeb)· D1552/D2622 (S%) · D445 (KV 10–25 cSt) · D4052 (density 1.10–1.20) · D92 (FP Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 180 degree) · D130 (Cu strip corrosion 1b) · KFT (dej tsawg dua. 10%) ·ASTM D4172 (4-pob hnav - WSD txo 60–80%)· D2882 (Vickers vane pump hydraulic AW) · ASTM Sequence IVA/IVB (valve train cam wear - PCMO/HDEO) · ASTM Sequence IIIGH (high-temp oxidation)) · Mack T-12/T-13 (HDEO valve train)

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Specifications & Daim ntawv thov
HDEO (nyiam dua): API CK-4 / FA-4 · ACEA E6/E9 · Volvo VDS-5 · Daimler MB 228.51/228.61· PCMO: API SP · ILSAC GF-6A/6B · ACEA C2/C3 (low-P qib) · GM dexos1 Gen3 · Ford WSS-M2C961 · Hydraulic: DIN 51524-Type ISO 4/6 · HV-4 HF-0 · Gear: ISO 6743-6 CLP · DIN 51517-3 · Compressor: ISO 6743-3 L-DAB/DAH

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Kev tswj hwm
REACH sau npe · TSCA list ·SAPS- nquag: Zn/P/S tag nrho pab - xam tag nrho peb hauv cov roj tiav rau ACEA/API ua raws· P txwv: ACEA C1 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05% / C2 / C3 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08% / API SP Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08% - ZDDP yog thawj P pob nyiaj siv · DPF / GPF: ntawm P-txoj kev kho tus nqi (0.7% ZDP, DP) - 1. tshauv load rau tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 600,000 km ntws lub sijhawm · GHS SDS muaj

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Cov khoom lag luam ntsig txog - Anti- Hnav & Antioxidant Series
Thawj ZDDP ✅ (cov khoom no)· Secondary ZDDP (tom ntej - branched alkyl, txias txias- pib zaj duab xis) · Antioxidants (amine / phenolic) · Friction Modifiers · Corrosion Inhibitors

Primary ZDDP · Zn[S-P(S)(OR)₂]₂ R=n-Bu/n-Oct · Zn 7–10% · P 5.5–8.0% · S 10–14% · Triple{{10}AO+ PCCI · AW ·Ear+ COA / TDS / SDS

Thov Tus Nqi, TDS & Kev Pabcuam Kev Pabcuam

Qhia meej lub hom phiaj Zn%, P%, S% (C₄/C₈ alkyl ratio, diluent cov ntsiab lus), daim ntawv thov (HDEO · PCMO · hydraulic · iav · compressor), P pob nyiaj txwv (ACEA C3 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.08% · API CK{5}}4 tsis txwv · thiab lwm yam), ntim, thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj. Tag nrho COA suav nrog Zn / P / S los ntawm ICP-OES, viscosity, ntom, FP hauv 12 teev. Cov qauv tsim nyog (200 mL - 5 kg) muaj.

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Anti- Hnav & Antioxidant Series:Thawj ZDDP ✅ · Secondary ZDDP (tom ntej)· Amine AO · Phenolic AO · Friction Modifiers · Corrosion Inhibitors

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